The School of Nuclear Science and Engineering is established by NCEPU to implement the Medium - and Long-Term Development Plan for Nuclear Power of the country, for the purpose of constructing a school system with the characteristic discipline of "Great Electric Power" based on superior disciplines, focusing on emerging energy disciplines, and supported by liberal arts and sciences. The school has two undergraduate majors, namely Nuclear Engineering and Nuclear Technology, and Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety. The major of Nuclear Engineering and Nuclear Technology, established with the approval of the Ministry of Education in 2004, became one of the third batch of "National Specialty Majors" in 2008, one of the first batch of pilot majors of the national "Great Engineer" in 2010, one of the first batch of professional comprehensive reform demonstration sites for the national "Undergraduate Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Program in Colleges and Universities" in 2012, and was selected into the 2020 national first-class undergraduate professional construction site (First-class universities and disciplines of the world). The major of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety was established in 2013 with the approval of the Ministry of Education, and was selected into the 2020 provincial-level first-class undergraduate professional construction site (First-class universities and disciplines of the world). The school has the right to grant doctoral degree in the first-level discipline of "Nuclear Science and Technology" and the post-doctoral research station.

The school currently has about 50 full-time teachers and 3 part-time academicians, and its majors cover all disciplines of the first-level subject of "Nuclear Science and Technology". The school has constructed a practical teaching system of "in-campus experiment + off-campus practice". It has a national experimental teaching center of "Full Range Virtual Simulation of Nuclear Power Engineering", a nuclear reactor thermal hydraulics laboratory, a radiation measurement and radiation protection laboratory, a nuclear power electronics laboratory, a nuclear reactor material and structural mechanics laboratory, a nuclear material, explosive and drug testing laboratory, a nuclear robotics laboratory, an X-ray, CT and MRI laboratory, etc. on campus and the "National Nuclear Power Engineering Practice Education Center" jointly declared with State Power Investment Corporation Limited, the practice base of Jiangsu Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., the practice base of Nuclear Power Institute of China and the practice base of China Institute of Atomic Energy off campus.

The school has distinctive characteristics in talent training, and has formed the training characteristics of "thick foundation, strong practice, and emphasizing ability" close to engineering practice. The school is one of the first batch of practice units of the school-enterprise "order + joint" training model, and has established a joint training model for nuclear power talent with China National Nuclear Corporation, China General Nuclear Power Group, China Huaneng Group and many other power groups. The school has won the second prize of National Teaching Achievement Award and the first prize of Beijing Teaching Achievement Award. Over the past ten years, the school has sent more than 2,000 nuclear power talents to China’s nuclear industry.

The school has undertaken many national-level scientific research projects and presided over more than 70 national major scientific research instrument development projects, key programs of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the national science and technology major special program of "large advanced pressurized water reactor", and national key research and development programs, more than 100 research programs entrusted by enterprises, with a total scientific research funding of more than RMB 100 million. The school has published more than 1,000 high-level papers, more than 80 authorized invention patents and more than 50 software copyrights. The school is an important participant of the international cooperative research project of the Dayawan Nuclear Reactor Neutrino Experiment, and the major participant of COSINE and NESTOR, China's nuclear power software with independent intellectual property rights. The school has won a number of provincial and ministerial scientific research awards. It has extensively carried out foreign exchanges and cooperation, and established strategic cooperative partnerships with China General Nuclear Power Corporation, State Nuclear Power Technology Company, China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd., China Institute of Atomic Energy, National Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center, and China National Nuclear Power Co., Ltd.; it is a member of the Fast Reactor Industry Alliance, a member of the Nuclear Power Software Workstation of State Nuclear Power Technology Company, the Chinese partner of the EU FP7 research project, and the undertaker of the global public offering cooperation project of International Atomic Energy Agency.